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Mobile payments

More and more consumers are paying contactless with their mobile phones instead of debit cards. Services such as Apple Pay and Google Pay make it possible to use a smartphone or smartwatch to pay securely and quickly at the counter.

Differences between mobile and with card

There are some important differences between contactless payment with a mobile phone (smartphone) and with a physical debit card:

  • A mobile phone must be on – with a working battery – for wireless communication with the payment terminal. Physical payment cards work without a battery or battery.
  • With Apple Pay and Google Pay, the user must always approve a payment, via a numeric code, fingerprint or facial recognition. When paying with a physical payment card, no PIN is usually required for amounts up to €50.
  • A digital debit card on a smartphone is created digitally by a banking app or in a wallet app (in a digital wallet for smartphones). A physical debit card is usually sent by post.
  • A digital payment card uses a unique code (token) that only works in combination with one specific smartphone. A physical debit card is not tied to a specific device.

How does mobile contactless payment work?

Like a physical card, mobile payment uses Near Field Communication (NFC) for secure contactless data exchange with payment terminals. The user briefly holds their device near the card reader to pay.

For the payment terminal, there is no difference between a digital and a physical payment card; the smartphone with digital payment card acts like a physical payment card for.

Architectures for mobile payments

To prevent fraud, cardholder data and cryptographic keys are stored securely in mobile phones. There are three common architectures for this:

  • Secure Element (SE): confidential data is stored in a special secure chip inside the device.
  • Trusted Execution Environment (TEE): a secure environment within the smartphone’s processor.
  • Cloud-based architectures: the first generation of mobile payments in the Netherlands worked via this method. Less secure but independent of companies like Apple and Google.

Advantages

Mobile contactless payment mainly offers consumers extra convenience:

  • User-friendly: many users especially find approving payments with fingerprint or facial recognition easier than with a PIN.
  • Easy online payment: no data entry needed on the physical payment card. Those card details are securely transmitted automatically to the online shop.
  • Always in your pocket: some people are less likely to forget or lose their mobile phone than their wallet with payment cards and cash. On the phone, you can instantly review every payment.

Future prospects

The convenience of mobile contactless payments is driving continued growth in use. Apple and Google digital wallets are expected to remain the main tools for mobile card payments at the counter and online in the coming years.

In the process, new concerns also arise:

  • Dependence on large non-European technology companies, which occupy an increasingly important position in the card payment chain.
  • Privacy issues, as wallet providers such as Apple and Google have potential insight into payment data.
  • Accessibility: not everyone has a modern smartphone or can handle it well.